Replacing SF6 by Pure Water
Shaping the future of high voltage circuit breakers
Nonfiction, Science & Nature, Technology, Electricity
| Author: | Hans Heyde | ISBN: | 1230000101469 |
| Publisher: | Hans Harro Heyde | Publication: | January 22, 2013 |
| Imprint: | Language: | English |
| Author: | Hans Heyde |
| ISBN: | 1230000101469 |
| Publisher: | Hans Harro Heyde |
| Publication: | January 22, 2013 |
| Imprint: | |
| Language: | English |
Replacing SF6 by Pure Water
Shaping the future of high voltage circuit breakers.
350 pages.
http://hansheyde.wix.com/replacingsf6bywater
Invented in 1900 at French Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, SF6 is a gas widely used in the manufacture and maintenance of thousands of high voltage circuit breakers throughout the world.
The SF6 gas circuit breakers contained in these equipment leaks into the atmosphere continuously. Although this leak is usually limited it exists and will continue to exist during the entire life of the equipment. Currently leakage of SF6 into the atmosphere, only in the United States, is equivalent to an annual emission of over ten million tons of CO2.
Just one pound of SF6 into the atmosphere is equivalent to four tons of CO2.
This is the most polluting gas existing on earth.
This book details the techniques and steps required to accomplish a project of a high-voltage circuit breaker employing Pure Water instead of SF6.
Pure water is an excellent insulator, do not endangers the health of technicians and workers, is welcome to nature, being abundant and cheap.
High voltage circuit breakers where the arc extinction is made in pure water were invented, constructed and placed in operation between the years 1900 and 1930. However pure water is invisible and its level could not be monitored in viewers. Any water leaks evaporate and disappear, which meant a great disadvantage to the oil circuit breakers, which by its dark color was easily visible when leaking and left indelible traces. Thereafter the oil was replaced by air and SF6 circuit breakers and pure water fell into oblivion.
Pure water circuit breakers disappeared at the beginning of the XX century because they lack the technology we have today.
Many notable scientists and engineers have developed brilliant theories, laboratory tests, new materials and mechanisms that allowed the manufacture of air and SF6 circuit breakers up to 1,000 kV. This knowledge can surely be used for the development of modern circuit breakers using pure water.
Global Warming - Global Warming is a natural phenomenon that is being contributed by the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. The substitution of SF6 will bring many advantages to the environment and removes much of the business environmental responsibility.
This book details the steps required for the design of a high-voltage circuit breaker that uses pure water as a means of extinguishing the arc.
Formulas, numerous graphs and illustrations are presented, and diagrams of construction details of possible solutions.
Index of Themes
The electric arc
The Plasma
The cooling of the arc
Mathematical models of the electric arc
Interruption of the arc:
In solid
In gas generated by solid
In Air
In Compressed Air
In Oil
In the vacuum
In atomic breaker
In Pure Water - H2O
In SF6 gas and liquid
The no-arc circuit breaker
SF6 - Global Warming
SF6 and Kyoto
Decomposition products of SF6
Puffer type breakers, Blowing and Suction
Auto compression
Revolving arc
Concepts of Thermodynamics applied to the design of circuit breakers.
Suggested solutions for Pure Water Circuit Breakers.
Replacing SF6 by Pure Water
Shaping the future of high voltage circuit breakers.
350 pages.
http://hansheyde.wix.com/replacingsf6bywater
Invented in 1900 at French Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris, SF6 is a gas widely used in the manufacture and maintenance of thousands of high voltage circuit breakers throughout the world.
The SF6 gas circuit breakers contained in these equipment leaks into the atmosphere continuously. Although this leak is usually limited it exists and will continue to exist during the entire life of the equipment. Currently leakage of SF6 into the atmosphere, only in the United States, is equivalent to an annual emission of over ten million tons of CO2.
Just one pound of SF6 into the atmosphere is equivalent to four tons of CO2.
This is the most polluting gas existing on earth.
This book details the techniques and steps required to accomplish a project of a high-voltage circuit breaker employing Pure Water instead of SF6.
Pure water is an excellent insulator, do not endangers the health of technicians and workers, is welcome to nature, being abundant and cheap.
High voltage circuit breakers where the arc extinction is made in pure water were invented, constructed and placed in operation between the years 1900 and 1930. However pure water is invisible and its level could not be monitored in viewers. Any water leaks evaporate and disappear, which meant a great disadvantage to the oil circuit breakers, which by its dark color was easily visible when leaking and left indelible traces. Thereafter the oil was replaced by air and SF6 circuit breakers and pure water fell into oblivion.
Pure water circuit breakers disappeared at the beginning of the XX century because they lack the technology we have today.
Many notable scientists and engineers have developed brilliant theories, laboratory tests, new materials and mechanisms that allowed the manufacture of air and SF6 circuit breakers up to 1,000 kV. This knowledge can surely be used for the development of modern circuit breakers using pure water.
Global Warming - Global Warming is a natural phenomenon that is being contributed by the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. The substitution of SF6 will bring many advantages to the environment and removes much of the business environmental responsibility.
This book details the steps required for the design of a high-voltage circuit breaker that uses pure water as a means of extinguishing the arc.
Formulas, numerous graphs and illustrations are presented, and diagrams of construction details of possible solutions.
Index of Themes
The electric arc
The Plasma
The cooling of the arc
Mathematical models of the electric arc
Interruption of the arc:
In solid
In gas generated by solid
In Air
In Compressed Air
In Oil
In the vacuum
In atomic breaker
In Pure Water - H2O
In SF6 gas and liquid
The no-arc circuit breaker
SF6 - Global Warming
SF6 and Kyoto
Decomposition products of SF6
Puffer type breakers, Blowing and Suction
Auto compression
Revolving arc
Concepts of Thermodynamics applied to the design of circuit breakers.
Suggested solutions for Pure Water Circuit Breakers.
