Is Time Universal? Discuss whether the anthropological evidence tends to support or refute the idea that there are human cognitive universals.

Nonfiction, Reference & Language, Education & Teaching
Cover of the book Is Time Universal? Discuss whether the anthropological evidence tends to support or refute the idea that there are human cognitive universals. by Johannes Lenhard, GRIN Verlag
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Author: Johannes Lenhard ISBN: 9783656323815
Publisher: GRIN Verlag Publication: November 28, 2012
Imprint: GRIN Verlag Language: English
Author: Johannes Lenhard
ISBN: 9783656323815
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Publication: November 28, 2012
Imprint: GRIN Verlag
Language: English

Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Pedagogy - Science, Theory, Anthropology, grade: 66, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: Discuss whether the anthropological evidence tends to support or refute the idea that there are human cognitive universals. The original debate on human universals was fought on metaphysical grounds long before anthropologists started to write ethnographies. Framed as the argument between Continental Rationalism and Anglo-Scottish Empiricism (see Gell, 1992:7), Descartes and Kant believed in a priori reason as constitutive of categories whereas Hume defends the 'realness' of sensitive experience. The former are supportive of the universalism, whereas the latter strictly deny it. This abstract controversy does not further concern us here, however. More concretely, the following essay deals with the universal character of 'time' in ethnographic studies. Looking at conceptions of time in the context of the Nuer (Evans-Pritchard, 1987) and most particularly Bali (Bloch, 1977; Geertz, 1993; Howe, 1981), the argument can be made that it is hardly possible to find ethnographic evidence against the notion of a universal concept of time. I will demonstrate with the above examples that on the one hand ethnographies can rarely be used to refute the universality of time but that secondly to differentiate the particularly ethnographic viewpoint is essential.

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Essay from the year 2012 in the subject Pedagogy - Science, Theory, Anthropology, grade: 66, University of Cambridge, language: English, abstract: Discuss whether the anthropological evidence tends to support or refute the idea that there are human cognitive universals. The original debate on human universals was fought on metaphysical grounds long before anthropologists started to write ethnographies. Framed as the argument between Continental Rationalism and Anglo-Scottish Empiricism (see Gell, 1992:7), Descartes and Kant believed in a priori reason as constitutive of categories whereas Hume defends the 'realness' of sensitive experience. The former are supportive of the universalism, whereas the latter strictly deny it. This abstract controversy does not further concern us here, however. More concretely, the following essay deals with the universal character of 'time' in ethnographic studies. Looking at conceptions of time in the context of the Nuer (Evans-Pritchard, 1987) and most particularly Bali (Bloch, 1977; Geertz, 1993; Howe, 1981), the argument can be made that it is hardly possible to find ethnographic evidence against the notion of a universal concept of time. I will demonstrate with the above examples that on the one hand ethnographies can rarely be used to refute the universality of time but that secondly to differentiate the particularly ethnographic viewpoint is essential.

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